Influence of Employee Commitment on Organisational Performance at the University of Benin
Keywords:
Employee commitment, Affective commitment
Abstract
This study examined employee commitment and organisational performance at the University of Benin, Benin City. The objective of the study was to ascertain whether affective commitment significantly translates to organizational performance, Examine whether continuance commitment significantly translates to organizational performance and find out whether normative commitment significantly translates to organizational performance. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Data were primarily sourced by administering copies of questionnaires as instruments for data collection. The study population comprises all the one thousand seven hundred and twenty-eight academic staff of the University of Benin. Thus, an approximate sample size of 325 was used for the study and determined using Yamane's (1964) formula since the population was known. Research data were descriptively analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Frequency table, means, standard deviations and multiple regression analysis. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences. Results revealed significant positive relationships between both affective commitment (β = 0.229, p = 0.003) and continuance commitment (β = 0.176, p = 0.022) with organisational performance at the 5% significance level. However, normative commitment showed no significant impact (β = 0.040, p = 0.637). The study recommends institutional strategies to reinforce affective and continuance commitment, including timely salary payments, merit-based promotions, recognition programs, and fostering a supportive work environment to enhance staff dedication and performance. These measures aim to align employee engagement with the university’s strategic goals, addressing gaps in normative commitment’s influence while leveraging emotional and economic drivers of productivity.
References
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Ahiauzu, A. (2020). Managerial policies and practices toward improved quality of work-life. CIMRAT Workshop Paper, Port Harcourt.
Akintayo, D. I. (2010). Work-Family Role Conflict and Organisational Commitment Among Industrial Workers in Nigeria. Journal of Psychology and Counselling. 2(1), 1-8.
Albdour, A. A. & Altarawneh, I. I. (2014) Employee Engagement and Organisational Commitment; Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Business, 19(1), 192-212.
Allen N. J. & Meyer J P (1990). The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organisation. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1-18
Ali, R. M., & Wajidi, F. A. (2017). Factors influencing job satisfaction in Public Healthcare Sector of Pakistan. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 13(8), 61-66.
Ali, I. N. (2016). Predictors of organisational commitment and turnover intention of medical representatives: An empirical evidence of Pakistan companies. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 3(1), 263-273.
Ali I., Rehman K., Ali S.I., Yousaf J. and Zia M. (2010). Corporate Social Responsibility Influences, Employee Commitment and Organisational Performance. African Journal of Business Management. 4 (12), 2796-2801.
Ardiansyah, A., & Afandi, E. (2018). Impact of affective commitments with employee performance moderated organisation citizenship behavior. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 304(1), 258–262.
Awonusi, A. (2018). Influence of Rewards on Workers Performance in an Organisation. Journal of Social Science. 8(1), 7-12.
Becker, H. S. (1960). Notes on the concept of commitment. American Journal of Sociology, 66(2), 32-42.
Becker, T., Randall, D., & Riegel, C. (1995). The multidimensional view of commitment and the theory of reasoned action: A comparative evaluation. Journal of Management, 21(4), 617-638.
Cetin O. (1990). The Relationship between Job Satisfaction, Occupational, and Organisational Commitment of Academics, Journal of the American Academy of Business, 8(1), 78-88
Chen, Y. F., & Tjosvold, D. (2023). Goal interdependence and leader-member relationships for cross-cultural leadership in China. Journal of Organisational Behavior, 44(3), 356-371
Dafiq, M., & Solihat, A. (2023). Correlation between commitment and Organisational performance. International Journal of Business, Economics and Social Development, 4(4), 341–347.
Dex S. & Smith C. (2001). Effects of Family-Friendly Policies on Employee Commitment: An Analysis of the Workplace Employee Relation Survey. The Judge Institute of Management Studies Working Paper, 20, 1–36.
Dixit, V. & Bhati, M. (2012). A Study about Employee Commitment and its impact on Sustained Productivity in Indian Auto-Component Industry. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 1(6): 34 – 51
Ehimen, A. U., & Alegebe, I. B. (2019). Employee commitment and Organisational performance in selected fast food outlets in Osun State. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 1(1), 23–37.
Ekienabor, E. (2018). The Influence of Employees’ Commitment on Organisational Performance in Nigeria. International Journal of Research, 8 (I), 1-14
Fadhel, S., AlBalushi, S., & AlKindi, S. (2019). The impact of affective commitment on employee performance: A study of Omani organisations. International Journal of Business and Management, 14(10), 126-138.
García-Morales, V. J., Jiménez-Barrionuevo, M. M., & Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, L. (2022). Transformational leadership influence on Organisational performance through Organisational learning and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 117, 190-201.
Ghosh, R., & Reio, T. G. (2023). Mentoring and commitment across cultures. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 34(1), 5-28
Glavas, A., & Kelley, K. (2023). CSR and employee engagement: A field experiment. Academy of Management Journal, 66(4), 1234-1260.
Greenberg, J., & Edwards, M. S. (2024). Fairness in the hybrid workplace: Effects on productivity and well-being. Academy of Management Journal, 67(2), 421-445.
Habib A., Khursheed A. & Idrees A.S. (2017). Relationship Between Job Satisfaction, Job Performance Attitude Towards Work and Organisational Commitment. European Journal of Social Sciences. 18(2), 257-267
Haider, S., Jabeen, S., & Ahmad, J. (2019). A study on the impact of affective commitment on employee performance: A case study of a Pakistani organisation. Journal of Management and Organisation, 25(1), 34-51.
Hunjra A.I. (2018). Employee Voice and Intent to Leave: An Empirical Evidence of Pakistani Banking Sector. African Journal of Business Management. 4(14), 3056-3061
Ikyanyon, D. & Agber, I. (2020). Examining the Effect of Employee Commitment on Organisational Performance: Evidence from a Cement Manufacturing Company in Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 16(22), 1-17
Irefin, P. & Mohammed, M.A (2014). Effect of Employee Commitment on Organisational Performance in Coca Cola Nigeria Limited Maiduguri, Borno State. Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 19(3), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-19313341.
Jiang, K., & Messersmith, J. (2023). High-Performance Work Systems and employee commitment: A meta-analysis. Journal of Management, 49(3), 789-815.
Jemesunde, L., & Ngeno, W. (2022). Effects of Employee Job Commitment on Organisational Performance in Kenya: A Case of Huduma Centre – Baringo. East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 5(1), 161-169.
Khan, H., Razi, A., Ali, S.A. & Asghar, A. (2016). A study on relationship between organisational job commitment, and its determinants among CSRS and managerial level employees of Pakistan (telecommunication sector). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(11), 269–284.
Khanderkar, A., & Sharna, A. (2006). Organisational learning and performance: Understanding Indian scenario in present global context. Journal of Management Studies, 48(8/9), 682–692.
Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., & Adis, C. S. (2017). Perceived Organisational support: A meta-analytic evaluation of Organisational support theory. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1888-1914.
Liou, S. (2016). An Analysis of the concept of organisational commitment. Nursing Forum, 43(3), 116-125.
Lo, M., Ramayah T. & Min H.W. (2017). Leadership styles and organisational commitment: A test on Malaysia manufacturing industry. African Journal of Marketing Management, 1(6), 133–148.
Meyer, J. & Allen, N. (1997). Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research and Application, Sage Publications
Meyer, J. P. & Allen, N. J. (1996). Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research and application. Sage Publications
Meyer, J. P. & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organisational commitment. Human Resources Management Review, 1(6), 61-89.
Meyer, J.P. & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace: Toward a general model. Human Resources Management Review, 11(3), 299-326.
Miller, D. & Lee, J. (2016). The People Make the Process: Commitment to employees, decision making, and performance. Journal of Management, 27(2), 13-190.
Ndubuisi, A. S., & Obi, J. O. (2022). Affective commitment and Organisational performance of pharmaceutical companies in Enugu State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 3(6), 2182–2187.
Ndubuisi, A. S., & Obi, J. O. (2022). Effect of continuance commitment on Organisational performance: A study of pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. Scholarly Journal of Management Sciences Research, 1(1), 21-28
Nwankwo, S.N.P, Orga, I. J. & Ugwu, F. A. (2019). Effects f Employee Commitment on Organisational Performance (A Study of Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Ltd). International Journal of Management, Social Sciences, Peace and Conflict Studies, 2 (3), 27-37.
O’Reilly, C. & Chatman, J. (1986). Organisational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on pro-social behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 492-499.
Randall, D. M., & Cote, J. A. (1991). Interrelationships of work commitment constructs. Work and Occupation, 18(1), 194–211
Ponnu C.H. & Chuah C. C. (2010). Organisational Commitment, Organisational Justice and Employee Turnover in Malaysia. African Journal of Business Management. 4(13), 76-92.
Richard, P. J., Devinney, T. M., Yip, G. S., & Johnson, G. (2009). Measuring Organisational Performance: Towards Methodological Best Practice. Journal of Management, 35(3), 718-804.
Robbins, S.P. (2017). Organisational behaviour (17th ed.). Prentice Hall
Sisodia, S., & Das, I. (2016). Effect of job autonomy upon organisational commitment of employees at different hierarchical level. Psychological Thought, 6(2), 241-251.
Somers, M. J. (2018). Organisational commitment, turnover and absenteeism: An examination of work organisations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 19(3), 533-546.
Spreitzer, G. M. (2015). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465
Stander, M. & Rothmann, S (2016). The relationship between Leadership, Job satisfaction and Organisational Commitment. South African Journal of Human Resource Management. 7 (3), 7 - 13
Suliman,.A. (2017) Is it really a mediating construct? The mediating role of organisational commitment in work climate-performance relationship. The Journal of Management Development, 21 (3), 170-183
Tumwesigye G. (2017). The relationship between perceived organisational support and turnover intentions in a developing country: The mediating role of organisational commitment. African Journal of Business Management, 4(6), 942–952.
Vandenberghe, C., Bentein, K., & Stinglhamber, F. (2014). Affective commitment to the organisation, supervisor, and work group: Antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(1), 47-71.
Vetha, B. (2018). Affective commitment and employee performance: A study of Indian IT organisations. Journal of Indian Business Research, 10(2), 147-162.
Wasti, S. A. (2016). Commitment profiles: Combinations of organisational commitment forms and job outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 290-308.
Wasti, S. A., & Can, Ö. (2016). Affective and normative commitment to organisation, supervisor and coworkers: Do collectivist values matter? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(3), 404-413.
Wall, T. D. (2017). Empowerment, performance, and uncertainty: A theoretical integration. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(5), 146-169.
Wang, H., Tong, L., & Zhang, Y. (2023). The business case for CSR: A meta-analysis of 215 studies. Strategic Management Journal, 44(6), 789-812.
WeiBo, Z., Kaur, S., & Jun, W. (2016). New development of organisational commitment: A critical review (1960-2009). African Journal of Business Management, 4(1), 12-20.
Wiener, Y. (2015). Commitment in organisations: A normative view. Academy of Management Review, 7(3), 418-428
Zheng W. (2010). New Development of Organisational Commitment: A Critical Review (1960- 2009). African Journal of Business Management. 4(1), 12-20.
Ahiauzu, A. (2020). Managerial policies and practices toward improved quality of work-life. CIMRAT Workshop Paper, Port Harcourt.
Akintayo, D. I. (2010). Work-Family Role Conflict and Organisational Commitment Among Industrial Workers in Nigeria. Journal of Psychology and Counselling. 2(1), 1-8.
Albdour, A. A. & Altarawneh, I. I. (2014) Employee Engagement and Organisational Commitment; Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Business, 19(1), 192-212.
Allen N. J. & Meyer J P (1990). The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organisation. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1-18
Ali, R. M., & Wajidi, F. A. (2017). Factors influencing job satisfaction in Public Healthcare Sector of Pakistan. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 13(8), 61-66.
Ali, I. N. (2016). Predictors of organisational commitment and turnover intention of medical representatives: An empirical evidence of Pakistan companies. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 3(1), 263-273.
Ali I., Rehman K., Ali S.I., Yousaf J. and Zia M. (2010). Corporate Social Responsibility Influences, Employee Commitment and Organisational Performance. African Journal of Business Management. 4 (12), 2796-2801.
Ardiansyah, A., & Afandi, E. (2018). Impact of affective commitments with employee performance moderated organisation citizenship behavior. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 304(1), 258–262.
Awonusi, A. (2018). Influence of Rewards on Workers Performance in an Organisation. Journal of Social Science. 8(1), 7-12.
Becker, H. S. (1960). Notes on the concept of commitment. American Journal of Sociology, 66(2), 32-42.
Becker, T., Randall, D., & Riegel, C. (1995). The multidimensional view of commitment and the theory of reasoned action: A comparative evaluation. Journal of Management, 21(4), 617-638.
Cetin O. (1990). The Relationship between Job Satisfaction, Occupational, and Organisational Commitment of Academics, Journal of the American Academy of Business, 8(1), 78-88
Chen, Y. F., & Tjosvold, D. (2023). Goal interdependence and leader-member relationships for cross-cultural leadership in China. Journal of Organisational Behavior, 44(3), 356-371
Dafiq, M., & Solihat, A. (2023). Correlation between commitment and Organisational performance. International Journal of Business, Economics and Social Development, 4(4), 341–347.
Dex S. & Smith C. (2001). Effects of Family-Friendly Policies on Employee Commitment: An Analysis of the Workplace Employee Relation Survey. The Judge Institute of Management Studies Working Paper, 20, 1–36.
Dixit, V. & Bhati, M. (2012). A Study about Employee Commitment and its impact on Sustained Productivity in Indian Auto-Component Industry. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 1(6): 34 – 51
Ehimen, A. U., & Alegebe, I. B. (2019). Employee commitment and Organisational performance in selected fast food outlets in Osun State. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 1(1), 23–37.
Ekienabor, E. (2018). The Influence of Employees’ Commitment on Organisational Performance in Nigeria. International Journal of Research, 8 (I), 1-14
Fadhel, S., AlBalushi, S., & AlKindi, S. (2019). The impact of affective commitment on employee performance: A study of Omani organisations. International Journal of Business and Management, 14(10), 126-138.
García-Morales, V. J., Jiménez-Barrionuevo, M. M., & Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, L. (2022). Transformational leadership influence on Organisational performance through Organisational learning and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 117, 190-201.
Ghosh, R., & Reio, T. G. (2023). Mentoring and commitment across cultures. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 34(1), 5-28
Glavas, A., & Kelley, K. (2023). CSR and employee engagement: A field experiment. Academy of Management Journal, 66(4), 1234-1260.
Greenberg, J., & Edwards, M. S. (2024). Fairness in the hybrid workplace: Effects on productivity and well-being. Academy of Management Journal, 67(2), 421-445.
Habib A., Khursheed A. & Idrees A.S. (2017). Relationship Between Job Satisfaction, Job Performance Attitude Towards Work and Organisational Commitment. European Journal of Social Sciences. 18(2), 257-267
Haider, S., Jabeen, S., & Ahmad, J. (2019). A study on the impact of affective commitment on employee performance: A case study of a Pakistani organisation. Journal of Management and Organisation, 25(1), 34-51.
Hunjra A.I. (2018). Employee Voice and Intent to Leave: An Empirical Evidence of Pakistani Banking Sector. African Journal of Business Management. 4(14), 3056-3061
Ikyanyon, D. & Agber, I. (2020). Examining the Effect of Employee Commitment on Organisational Performance: Evidence from a Cement Manufacturing Company in Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 16(22), 1-17
Irefin, P. & Mohammed, M.A (2014). Effect of Employee Commitment on Organisational Performance in Coca Cola Nigeria Limited Maiduguri, Borno State. Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 19(3), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-19313341.
Jiang, K., & Messersmith, J. (2023). High-Performance Work Systems and employee commitment: A meta-analysis. Journal of Management, 49(3), 789-815.
Jemesunde, L., & Ngeno, W. (2022). Effects of Employee Job Commitment on Organisational Performance in Kenya: A Case of Huduma Centre – Baringo. East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 5(1), 161-169.
Khan, H., Razi, A., Ali, S.A. & Asghar, A. (2016). A study on relationship between organisational job commitment, and its determinants among CSRS and managerial level employees of Pakistan (telecommunication sector). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(11), 269–284.
Khanderkar, A., & Sharna, A. (2006). Organisational learning and performance: Understanding Indian scenario in present global context. Journal of Management Studies, 48(8/9), 682–692.
Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., & Adis, C. S. (2017). Perceived Organisational support: A meta-analytic evaluation of Organisational support theory. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1888-1914.
Liou, S. (2016). An Analysis of the concept of organisational commitment. Nursing Forum, 43(3), 116-125.
Lo, M., Ramayah T. & Min H.W. (2017). Leadership styles and organisational commitment: A test on Malaysia manufacturing industry. African Journal of Marketing Management, 1(6), 133–148.
Meyer, J. & Allen, N. (1997). Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research and Application, Sage Publications
Meyer, J. P. & Allen, N. J. (1996). Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research and application. Sage Publications
Meyer, J. P. & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organisational commitment. Human Resources Management Review, 1(6), 61-89.
Meyer, J.P. & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace: Toward a general model. Human Resources Management Review, 11(3), 299-326.
Miller, D. & Lee, J. (2016). The People Make the Process: Commitment to employees, decision making, and performance. Journal of Management, 27(2), 13-190.
Ndubuisi, A. S., & Obi, J. O. (2022). Affective commitment and Organisational performance of pharmaceutical companies in Enugu State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 3(6), 2182–2187.
Ndubuisi, A. S., & Obi, J. O. (2022). Effect of continuance commitment on Organisational performance: A study of pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. Scholarly Journal of Management Sciences Research, 1(1), 21-28
Nwankwo, S.N.P, Orga, I. J. & Ugwu, F. A. (2019). Effects f Employee Commitment on Organisational Performance (A Study of Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Ltd). International Journal of Management, Social Sciences, Peace and Conflict Studies, 2 (3), 27-37.
O’Reilly, C. & Chatman, J. (1986). Organisational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on pro-social behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 492-499.
Randall, D. M., & Cote, J. A. (1991). Interrelationships of work commitment constructs. Work and Occupation, 18(1), 194–211
Ponnu C.H. & Chuah C. C. (2010). Organisational Commitment, Organisational Justice and Employee Turnover in Malaysia. African Journal of Business Management. 4(13), 76-92.
Richard, P. J., Devinney, T. M., Yip, G. S., & Johnson, G. (2009). Measuring Organisational Performance: Towards Methodological Best Practice. Journal of Management, 35(3), 718-804.
Robbins, S.P. (2017). Organisational behaviour (17th ed.). Prentice Hall
Sisodia, S., & Das, I. (2016). Effect of job autonomy upon organisational commitment of employees at different hierarchical level. Psychological Thought, 6(2), 241-251.
Somers, M. J. (2018). Organisational commitment, turnover and absenteeism: An examination of work organisations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 19(3), 533-546.
Spreitzer, G. M. (2015). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465
Stander, M. & Rothmann, S (2016). The relationship between Leadership, Job satisfaction and Organisational Commitment. South African Journal of Human Resource Management. 7 (3), 7 - 13
Suliman,.A. (2017) Is it really a mediating construct? The mediating role of organisational commitment in work climate-performance relationship. The Journal of Management Development, 21 (3), 170-183
Tumwesigye G. (2017). The relationship between perceived organisational support and turnover intentions in a developing country: The mediating role of organisational commitment. African Journal of Business Management, 4(6), 942–952.
Vandenberghe, C., Bentein, K., & Stinglhamber, F. (2014). Affective commitment to the organisation, supervisor, and work group: Antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(1), 47-71.
Vetha, B. (2018). Affective commitment and employee performance: A study of Indian IT organisations. Journal of Indian Business Research, 10(2), 147-162.
Wasti, S. A. (2016). Commitment profiles: Combinations of organisational commitment forms and job outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 290-308.
Wasti, S. A., & Can, Ö. (2016). Affective and normative commitment to organisation, supervisor and coworkers: Do collectivist values matter? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(3), 404-413.
Wall, T. D. (2017). Empowerment, performance, and uncertainty: A theoretical integration. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(5), 146-169.
Wang, H., Tong, L., & Zhang, Y. (2023). The business case for CSR: A meta-analysis of 215 studies. Strategic Management Journal, 44(6), 789-812.
WeiBo, Z., Kaur, S., & Jun, W. (2016). New development of organisational commitment: A critical review (1960-2009). African Journal of Business Management, 4(1), 12-20.
Wiener, Y. (2015). Commitment in organisations: A normative view. Academy of Management Review, 7(3), 418-428
Zheng W. (2010). New Development of Organisational Commitment: A Critical Review (1960- 2009). African Journal of Business Management. 4(1), 12-20.
Published
2025-06-16
How to Cite
Iduozee, I., Iduozee, M., & Omoyebagbe , D. R. (2025). Influence of Employee Commitment on Organisational Performance at the University of Benin. Global Journal of Accounting, 11(1), 49-62. Retrieved from https://gja.unilag.edu.ng/article/view/2621
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Articles
